Vermont Government Affairs Update – May 20, 2025

As we reach the halfway point of May, it appears the Vermont Legislature is on track to adjourn by the end of the month. It has become clear which bills will make it through and which won’t—but that doesn’t mean the action is over. Expect a flurry of amendments and the use of “must-pass” bills as vehicles to advance favored policies. A scheduled veto session in June also leaves room for late-stage negotiations and influence from both sides of the aisle.

Last November, voters turned out in large numbers to support a reasonable state budget, fixes to the education funding system, and increased housing. The Legislature has listened—somewhat.

The state budget has cleared a conference committee, landing at $9.01 billion. While modest compared to Governor Scott’s proposal for fiscal year 2025, it still represents a significant increase in state spending since the COVID-19 pandemic. Federal funds created new programs that the state is now responsible for maintaining. For context, the 2019 budget was $5.8 billion. While many sections of Governor Scott’s budget were increased, there has been no clear indication yet of a veto.

A bill proposing major changes to the delivery and funding of education has passed the House and is currently being reviewed by the Senate—though it’s not generating much enthusiasm from education advocates. Notably, two Senate Democrats on the Education Committee voted “no,” signaling concern. The bill incorporates some of Governor Scott’s recommendations, sets a base payment per student, and introduces a “foundation formula” to give the state more control over school district appropriations. It also addresses classroom sizes and calls for a redistricting committee to evaluate potential district consolidation. The bill now moves to the Senate Appropriations Committee, where changes are expected. Whether it passes this year remains to be seen, but many see it as a preferable alternative to doing nothing—which last year contributed to sharp property tax increases.

Vermonters did score a win on taxes this year. The “yield” bill, which sets the statewide education property tax, was adjusted to result in only a 1% increase over last year—far lower than the 14% hike the year before.

Meanwhile, meaningful housing development legislation appears to be on life support. Governor Scott sharply criticized the Legislature last week for delaying action on this critical issue. Vermont is currently short 22,000 housing units—a shortage linked to rising homelessness, a shrinking workforce, and young people leaving the state. While some bills offer modest incentives to developers and repeat half-measures of the past, they fail to address the state’s primary obstacle to building more homes: Act 250, which allows small groups to block developments—often for capricious reasons.